Physical Education and Sports

FEATURES OF SELF-ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BOYS AND GIRLS OF SENIOR CLASSES WITH DIFFERENT GENDER IDENTITY

2025-10-24T10:51:45+03:00

The article examines the features of self-assessment of physical development among high school boys and girls, taking into account the type of their gender identity (masculine, feminine, androgynous). High school age is defined as a critical stage in the formation of bodily selfawareness and self-assessment of physical development, where gender identity has become one of the key factors in adolescents' perception of their own physical qualities. The objective of the article was to determine the features of self-assessment of physical development of high school boys and girls with different gender identities. The study was conducted among 150 students (75 boys and 75 girls) of grades 10–11 of three Kyiv lyceums. Using Sandra Bem's «Masculinity–Femininity» methodology, the dominance of the androgynous type among both sexes (89.3% of boys and 88.0% of girls) was established, which indicates a tendency to integrate masculine and feminine traits. Masculine identity was recorded in 10.7% of boys and 5.3% of girls, and feminine identity was recorded only among girls (6.7%). According to the results of the modified test «Self-description of physical development», masculine boys rated themselves the highest in strength and endurance, while androgynous boys had higher indicators of general self-esteem and global physical «I». Among girls, feminine respondents rated their appearance, slimness and coordination of movements the highest, androgynous respondents rated their health and physical activity the highest, and masculine respondents rated their strength, endurance and general self-esteem the highest. The results of the analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences in self-assessment of physical development between representatives of different types of gender identity, which should be taken into account in school education. The article substantiates the need to develop gender-sensitive physical education programs and methods that take into account the peculiarities of the bodily self-perception of adolescents with different gender identities.

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF PHYSICAL FITNESS STANDARDS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL

2025-10-24T10:51:48+03:00

The article presents a retrospective analysis of the issue of substantiating physical fitness standards for military personnel as a key element in ensuring the combat readiness of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. It examines the historical stages of the development of the regulatory and legal framework for physical training, from the first guidelines in the mid-19th century to the modern period of professionalization and NATO integration of the Ukrainian Armed Forces. Particular attention is given to the influence of socio-political, militaryhistorical, technological, and doctrinal factors on changes in approaches to organizing the physical training of personnel. The advancement of military technologies and strategies for conducting combat operations necessitates the adaptation of personnel combat readiness to new challenges. This drives the continuous search for and improvement of standards for assessing the physical fitness of military personnel. The aim of this study is to identify the main trends in the formation of these standards, evaluate their alignment with modern military service requirements, and substantiate directions for further improving the system for assessing the physical fitness of military personnel. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were employed: theoretical analysis, including the examination of scientific and methodological literature, regulatory documents, and documentary materials; systemic analysis; axiological analysis; conceptual analysis; and synthesis of information from domestic and foreign sources. The study analyzes four key historical periods: from the mid-19th century to the 1930s; from the 1930s to the 1970s; from the 1970s to 1991; and the period of Ukraine’s independence from 1991 to the present. Within this framework, the normative-legal evolution of the physical training system is explored, focusing on key regulatory documents: NFP-97, NFP-2009, TNFP- 2014, and IzFP-2021. The study highlights significant changes in the structure of standards, evaluation systems, approaches to defining control exercises, categories of military personnel, and age groups. It substantiates the need to adapt standards to the specifics of modern combat operations, enhance the applied focus of physical training, and unify the training system in accordance with NATO standards. The research results hold significant practical value for improving the regulatory framework of physical training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, enhancing the effectiveness of combat operations, and preserving the health of personnel.

USING IT IN VOLLEYBALL CLASSES TO IMPLEMENT DIFFERENTIATED METHODS IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF PLAYERS

2025-10-24T10:51:51+03:00

Information technologies penetrate into all aspects of the training process, from analyzing players' movements to developing tactical strategies and modeling game situations. Therefore, the use of modern IT in volleyball classes to implement differentiated methods of improving the physical fitness of female students is an interesting and urgent problem that requires a comprehensive analysis of possible IT solutions. The purpose of the study is to characterize the technologies that can be used in volleyball classes to implement differentiated methods of improving players' physical fitness. The study used a comparative analysis of approaches to IT use in volleyball, presented in scientific publications, and a content analysis of Internet resources that describe digital tools used by athletes and coaches to support volleyball training today. Implementing such tools as video analysis, biomechanical sensors, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and machine learning is described. It is confirmed that their use allows to record indicators and adapt the load, technique, and training strategy to a particular athlete. Video analysis makes it possible to study a player's movement technique in detail, compare it with reference samples, and identify errors that may not be noticeable during standard training, which can form the basis for developing individual corrective exercises to eliminate weaknesses. Motion sensors and biomechanical analysis objectively assess physical performance, such as reaction time, jumping power, or kicking accuracy. This data allows us to determine each player's training level and form groups with similar needs. Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable automating the analysis of large data sets, predicting the effectiveness of various training programs, and offering optimal solutions for each player. Virtual reality technologies create simulated game situations where players can practice specific skills in a controlled environment. It has been proven that using such technologies is especially useful for differentiating training.

THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL AND HEALTH CLASSES WITH ELEMENTS OF ACTIVE LEISURE ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS OF SENIOR SCHOOL AGE STUDENTS

2025-10-24T10:51:54+03:00

The relevance of the topic is due to the search for effective ways to increase the motor activity of high school students and improve their physical fitness through the introduction of modern physical education and health technologies that would contribute to the development of positive motivation for physical education classes, form the foundations of independent health activities, both in the school education system and in free time from studies. Physical education and health classes in leisure time are one of the popular mass types of motor activity and health improvement, and have significant recreational and health potential. This work is devoted to the assessment of physical fitness of high school students as a result of physical education and health classes. It was found that 33.3% of boys have a low level of agility development, 40% – average, and another 26.7% – sufficient, among girls 50% have a sufficient level of agility development, 28.6% – average and 21.4% – high. Performing the 1500 m. running test showed that 57.1% of girls and 53.3% of boys have a low level of endurance development, 42.9% of girls and 46.7% of boys have an average level of endurance development. Among girls, a sufficient level of development of speed-strength qualities was found in 71.4%, average – in 21.4% and high – in 7.2%, among boys who participated in the study, a low level of speed-strength qualities was found in 13.3%, average – in 26.7%, sufficient –in 53.3% and high – in 6.7%. The assessment of strength abilities showed that 71.4% of girls have an average level of strength development, and another 28.6% – sufficient, among boys 60% have a sufficient level of strength development, 20% – average and another 20% – high. The experiment showed that involving 15-16 year old students in physical education and health classes with elements of active leisure contributed to the improvement of physical fitness indicators, statistically significant changes were found in the development of such physical qualities as strength and speed-power abilities, and a tendency to improve agility, endurance, dynamic endurance of the trunk muscles and coordination abilities was also noted.

USING MASSAGE AS A MEANS OF RECOVERY FOR ATHLETES AFTER THE TRAINING PROCESS

2025-10-24T10:51:57+03:00

The modern system of sports training is characterized by progressive principles, a wide range of interrelated tasks, scientifically based selection of means and methods, long-term planning, high organization of control, and provision of hygienic conditions. Our article substantiated the role of sports massage in the recovery process of athletes after the training process. We revealed and described the types of sports massage. We highlighted which type of sports massage contributes to the recovery of athletes after intense exercise and proposed a scheme for the use of restorative massage. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the role of sports massage in the recovery process of athletes after intense exercise. Our results: achieving the set goal, the researchers focused their research on restorative massage, which techniques and methods were used. Restorative type of sports massage refers to restorative and rehabilitation procedures. It is performed after intensive loads, as well as for rehabilitation after injuries, sprains or fractures. This procedure helps restore the functions of the musculoskeletal system. Sports massage is performed when all problem areas are worked out and the appropriate effect is achieved. We substantiated the role of sports massage in the recovery process of athletes after intense exercise, identified the main types of sports massage, as well as techniques and techniques that can be applied after the training period for athletes of different skill levels and in different sports. It is impossible to fully cover such a vast issue as the recovery of athletes after intense exercise within the framework of a single study. Therefore, research in this area should continue, and it is recommended to apply the proposed massage regimens in practice and evaluate the results.

OSTEOIMMUNE INTERACTION AS A MECHANISM FOR REGULATING BONE HOMEOSTASIS WITHIN THE IMMUNE AND SKELETAL SYSTEMS

2025-10-24T10:52:00+03:00

The article examines current concepts of osteoimmunology as a scientific field that studies the interaction between the immune and skeletal systems. Bone tissue is considered not merely as a passive mechanical framework, but as a metabolically active organ that is in close functional association with the immune system, forming a unified osteoimmune interface. A review of scientific research confirms that immune cells, through the production of cytokines and other signaling mechanisms, directly influence the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. At the same time, bone cells contribute to the creation of a favorable microenvironment for immune cells, ensuring a bidirectional functional relationship. The importance of maintaining this balance has been proven for preserving bone mineral density and preventing pathological changes such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Disruption of osteoimmune regulation, associated with age-related changes and pathological conditions, leads to predominance of bone resorption over bone formation, decreased bone strength, and increased risk of fractures. Scientific evidence also confirms that physical activity is an important nonpharmacological factor influencing the osteoimmune interface. Moderate regular physical exercise reduces the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, optimizes the RANKL/OPG ratio, stimulates osteoblastic activity, and promotes adaptive regeneration of bone tissue. Conversely, excessive or uncontrolled loading may induce microinflammation and disrupt the balance of remodeling. Thus, the article demonstrates the importance of a comprehensive approach to maintaining bone health, which includes control of physical activity, monitoring of immune and bone biomarkers, and the application of personalized preventive strategies. The knowledge obtained can be applied in sports medicine, physical rehabilitation, and in understanding the course of metabolic and autoimmune diseases affecting the skeletal system.

PROFESSIONALLY-ORIENTED FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRACTICUM AS AN INTEGRATED COMPONENT OF MASTER’S TRAINING IN SPECIALTY A7 “PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT”

2025-10-24T10:52:03+03:00

The article is devoted to the study of the professionally-oriented foreign language practicum as an integrated educational component in the training of master’s students in specialty A7 “Physical Education and Sport.” The relevance of the study is determined by the globalization of the educational space and the need to develop foreign language communicative competence among future specialists in the field of sport. The current state of foreign language training in domestic and international universities is analyzed, and a comparative analysis of curricula is carried out, which made it possible to identify trends and best practices in organizing the practicum. Purpose of the study: to provide scientific justification for the role of the professionally-oriented foreign language practicum as a compulsory educational component in the training of master’s students in specialty A7 “Physical Education and Sport,” to determine its impact on the formation of foreign language communicative competence, and on the integration of future professionals into the international educational and sports environment. Object of the study: the process of professional training of master’s students in specialty A7 “Physical Education and Sport” at higher education institutions. Subject of the study: the professionally-oriented foreign language practicum as a pedagogical technology for developing foreign language competence in future masters of physical education and sport. The article substantiates the application of a systemic approach, which allows viewing the practicum not as an isolated discipline but as an integrated element combining linguistic, professional, and sociocultural training. It is shown that systemic integration creates conditions for the development of students’ intercultural communication skills and for gaining experience in using professional foreign language terminology in academic and professional discourse. The research employed a set of empirical methods, including pedagogical observation, questionnaires, and analysis of academic achievements. The results demonstrated that students who participated in the practicum showed an increase in foreign language communicative competence, greater confidence in using a foreign language in professional contexts, readiness to participate in international conferences and projects, and enhanced motivation for academic mobility. The findings summarize the practicum’s influence on the formation of professional readiness among master’s students, their competitiveness in the labor market, and prospects for further integration into the international educational and scientific space. It is concluded that the professionally-oriented foreign language practicum is an effective tool for improving the preparation of master’s students in physical education and sport, contributes to enhancing the quality of education, and aligns with modern European and global standards.

PHYSICAL FITNESS OF STUDENTS IN GRADES 7–9 ACCORDING TO CHINA'S NATIONAL STANDARDS

2025-10-24T10:52:06+03:00

The article presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of the physical fitness levels of female students in grades 7–9 at general secondary schools in the People's Republic of China, based on the performance of standardized test exercises included in the national physical education standards. The assessment was carried out using four achievement levels: «excellent», «good», «satisfactory» and «unsatisfactory». The test battery included a 50-meter sprint, standing long jump, sit-and-reach flexibility test, one-minute squats, and an 800-meter run. The obtained results made it possible to trace the dynamics of physical fitness development among schoolgirls across different ages. In grade 7, the highest proportions of «excellent» scores were recorded in flexibility (22.41%) and jumping ability (17.24%), indicating relatively higher preparedness in the coordination and flexibility components. In contrast, running tests demonstrated lower performance levels. In grade 8, a high percentage of «good» ratings persisted in sprinting and squats (46.67%), although there was an increase in «satisfactory» ratings, particularly in endurance-related tests. In grade 9, a declining trend in the proportion of «excellent» ratings (down to 18.18%) and an increase in «satisfactory» ratings (up to 50.00%) were observed, indicating a gradual decline in functional preparedness with age. Overall, the analysis highlights the predominance of a moderate level of physical fitness among female students and underscores the need to improve the organization of physical education for middle school girls. The findings can be used to adjust educational programs and enhance the content of national physical education standards, taking into account age-specific developmental characteristics.

PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE AS A KEY FACTOR OF SPORTING SUCCESS

2025-10-24T10:52:09+03:00

The article is devoted to the analysis of psychological resilience as a key factor of sporting success. Purpose of the study – to analyze the role of psychological resilience as a key factor of sporting success and to substantiate approaches to its development within the system of athletes’ preparation. Object of the study – the process of psychological support in sports activity. Subject of the study – athletes’ psychological resilience as an integrative characteristic that determines the effectiveness of their performance in competitive and training conditions. This phenomenon is considered as an integrative characteristic combining cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components that ensure the effectiveness of athletes’ activity under conditions of high stress and competition. The role of cognitive reappraisal of competitive situations in terms of a “challenge” rather than a “threat” is substantiated, as it enhances performance and concentration. The significance of emotional regulation for maintaining the optimal zone of functioning and preventing emotional burnout is highlighted. The behavioral component of resilience is shown to determine the athlete’s ability to maintain activity, persistence, and self-control even under critical circumstances. A synthesis of current studies reveals the relationship between psychological resilience and psychophysiological markers, in particular heart rate variability, which opens the possibility of applying biofeedback in sports training practice. The practical significance of the study lies in systematizing approaches to resilience development, including psychological skills training, mindfulness practices, breathing techniques, and pressure-based scenario training. Prospects for further research are associated with the standardization of resilience measurement methods and the development of targeted programs for athletes of different sports and age groups.

MODERN APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SPORTS CLUBS

2025-10-24T10:52:11+03:00

The article analyzes modern approaches to the organization of sports clubs as multifunctional socio-economic institutions combining sporting, educational, commercial, and social activities. It examines the transformation of clubs under the influence of globalization, digitalization, and growing competition in the sports industry. The aim of the study is to develop and scientifically substantiate a modern model for the organization of sports clubs that combines effective management, innovative technologies, social responsibility, and sustainable development strategies, while ensuring a high level of sports performance and engaging broad segments of the population in physical culture and sports. The object of the study is the organizational and managerial processes of sports club functioning in the current socioeconomic conditions. The subject of the study is the structure, methods, and innovative technologies for organizing the activities of sports clubs that ensure their efficiency, stability, and competitiveness. Key structural and managerial components are identified, including strategic planning, financial sustainability, brand development, integration of innovative technologies, and fan engagement. Special attention is paid to the practices of leading European clubs, which demonstrate the effectiveness of combining sporting success with social responsibility and economic stability. An optimization model for managerial processes is proposed, incorporating a cross-disciplinary approach, service personalization, and the use of data analytics to improve efficiency. The results can be applied by club executives, sports managers, and researchers in developing development strategies that ensure competitiveness and long-term stability in the dynamic environment of modern sport.

THEORY, METHODOLOGY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES OF OFFICIATING IN SPORTS

2025-10-24T10:52:14+03:00

The article presents an extended analysis of modern theoretical and methodological foundations of sports officiating, considering the specifics of both team and individual disciplines. It explores the core principles underlying the formation of the refereeing body, including objectivity, impartiality, and competence, which ensure a high level of arbitration and foster trust in the competition system. The professional and personal profile of a referee is characterized, encompassing comprehensive knowledge of the rules, the ability to apply them in dynamic game situations, psychological resilience, communication skills, attentiveness, and physical endurance. The structure and specifics of arbitration procedures in football, basketball, and volleyball are described in detail, including official gestures and signals, principles of interaction within the refereeing team, and algorithms for applying the advantage rule and time control. Current trends in referee training are analyzed, such as the implementation of video replays, automated result recording systems, electronic protocols, biofeedback technologies, and simulators for practicing complex game episodes. The role of psychophysiological factorssuch as reaction speed, concentration, stress resistance, and multitasking-in ensuring decision-making accuracy is emphasized. Directions for improving professional referee training are proposed, including modular programs combining a basic block with specialized modules, stress management training, cognitive-motor exercises, and the use of video analysis and biomonitoring. The necessity of introducing standardized competence assessment procedures and regular certification to maintain high performance standards is substantiated. The research results can be applied in referee training and professional development systems, the development of methodological materials, and the implementation of innovative technologies in officiating practice.

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENERGY CAPACITIES OF ATHLETES SPECIALIZING IN SPORTS WITH A HIGHLY VARIABLE COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY STRUCTURE

2025-10-24T10:52:17+03:00

The article examines the special physical fitness of athletes are specializing in rugby, boxing, and sports dancing (Latin American program). It was determined that these components include characteristics of aerobic power and anaerobic glycolytic energy supply. Differences lie in the ability to reach peak reaction under maximal intensity test loads. This is clearly visible when comparing the indicators of rugby players and boxers (p < 0.01). With increasing glycolytic load, the intensity of aerobic power and glycolytic capacity indicators significantly increases (p < 0.05). The indicators of athletedancers are primarily at an intermediate level but show increased ranges of individual reaction manifestations. The ability to reach peak reaction is influenced by the reactive properties of the cardiorespiratory system, which significantly differ between the characteristics of individual groups and types of test loads (p < 0.01; p < 0.05). The most favorable level of adaptation of the respiratory reaction is shown in boxers under conditions of increasing and compensating for fatigue. Under strenuous loads, primarily anaerobic glycolytic orientation, an increase in the respiratory compensation reaction for metabolic acidosis (EqCO2) of pulmonary ventilation is accompanied by stabilization of oxygen consumption (EqO2).

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS OF SUPPORTING SPECIAL WORKING CAPACITY IN HIGHLY QUALIFIED ROWERS UNDER MODULATED LOAD CONDITIONS

2025-10-24T10:52:20+03:00

The article presents the results of a study on the physiological and functional mechanisms supporting the special working capacity of highly qualified rowers under modulated training load conditions. The main focus is placed on the analysis of changes in aerobic and anaerobic energy supply under the influence of specific physical stimuli aimed at improving competitive endurance. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and experimentally verify the changes in the functional support of the special working capacity of highly qualified rowers under conditions of "critical" power load modulation, taking into account aerobic and anaerobic energy supply mechanisms. The object of the study is the process of functional support of athletes’ special working capacity in academic rowing. The subject of the study is the dynamics of cardiorespiratory system indicators and anaerobic lactate energy supply in highly qualified rowers under the influence of an experimental training load at "critical" power intensity. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature; pedagogical experiment; functional testing; biochemical method; mathematical and statistical methods. Research organization. The study involved 24 qualified and highly qualified open-weight category athletes specializing in academic rowing. Results. The research was carried out with regard to the individual levels of maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max), efficiency of aerobic reserve utilization (EqO₂), and cardiorespiratory responses under steadystate physiological load conditions. Special attention is given to the quantitative analysis of lactate reactions that reflect the power and capacity of anaerobic glycolytic energy supply – a critical component of special working capacity in academic rowing. The findings indicate that following the implementation of the experimental program, there was a statistically significant increase in blood lactate concentration levels in terms of both power and energy capacity indicators. This, in turn, led to positive shifts in the structure of functional support for competitive performance. Changes in the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic contribution were recorded, indicating enhanced adaptive capacity of the athletes to high-intensity competitive load. The proposed approach to assessing special working capacity enables a more objective identification of functional preparedness reserves and optimization of training stimuli. The obtained results can be used by coaches and physical training specialists to individualize functional training programs for rowers at the stage of maximal realization of individual potential.

APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TRAINING PROCESS OF JUNIOR ROWERS (UNDER 19) IN ACADEMIC ROWING

2025-10-24T10:52:23+03:00

This article analyzes the specific features of applying information technologies in the training process of junior academic rowers (under 19). The aim of the article is to identify, based on a scientific analysis of the current state of the problem, the main tools for assessing, monitoring, optimizing, processing, and transmitting data related to the components of integral preparedness of junior rowers through the use of information technologies. The study highlights the most effective technologies used for data analysis, monitoring, and processing of the indicators of integral preparedness in academic rowing. The methods employed include the analysis and synthesis of scholarly literature sources. The application of information technologies in the training process of junior academic rowers has been thoroughly reviewed and substantiated. Recent research in the field of rowing that incorporates information technologies was analyzed. Researchers generally share a unified view regarding the relevance and benefits of integrating information technologies into the training process of junior athletes. However, there are differences in approaches to their practical implementation, particularly in the use of virtual simulators, biomechanical sensors, and electromyography during daily training routines. International studies confirm the effectiveness of realtime monitoring systems capable of measuring oar angular characteristics, stroke power, boat acceleration, and muscle activity during on-water training sessions. These systems also support data accumulation and processing for further analysis using digital tools. In contrast, domestic researchers mainly focus on integrating ergometric training devices with software solutions for the collection of statistical training data. Special attention is given to methods of storing and analyzing training data using cloud-based services and open data formats, which contribute to more accurate monitoring, assessment of training effectiveness, and reduction of overtraining risks during the competitive season. The study emphasizes the necessity of using information technologies in the course of experimental research to determine the effectiveness and future prospects of their application in the integral training process of junior academic rowers (under 19).

ACTION STRATEGY OR AMBITIOUS PLATFORM FOR TRANSFORMING SPORTS IN CANADA (PART 1. “IGNITE PROGRESS”)

2025-10-24T10:52:25+03:00

The article presents a scientific analysis of the strategic direction “Ignite Progress” within the official Strategy of the Canadian Team Handball Federation (CTHF) for 2025–2028. This direction is considered as a comprehensive platform for the development of handball, encompassing multidisciplinary support for athletes, development of youth categories (U18/U21), promotion of international competitiveness, and implementation of inclusive practices. The aim of the study is to provide a scientific rationale and analytical interpretation of “Ignite Progress” as a tool for integrating modern approaches to athlete training, inclusion, international cooperation, and transformation of playing culture within the structure of sport development planning in Canada. The object of the study is the system of strategic management for the development of handball in Canada for 2025–2028. The subject is the strategic direction “Ignite Progress” as a mechanism for increasing international competitiveness in Canadian handball. Research methods include: content analysis of official CTHF documents; systemic and structural-functional analysis of initiatives; comparative analysis of athlete development practices; application of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), LTAD, SMART goals, Strategic Benchmarking, and Evidence-Based Policy; and expert assessment of case implementation. The results of the study include the typologization of managerial and training cases based on effectiveness, scalability, and alignment with age-specific and functional development models. A concept of an indicative monitoring matrix is proposed, enabling real-time assessment of initiative progress. Key initiatives are grouped into categories: athlete support, talent development, and international competitiveness. The national team preparation model incorporates the involvement of specialists in psychology, nutrition, and recovery. Notably, international training camps in Europe and the planned 2026 women’s national team camp in Spain exemplify a systematic approach. Camps, selection tournaments, national championships, mentoring programs, athlete digital passports, and regional academies have been implemented. The findings demonstrate the high potential of "Ignite Progress" as a platform for integrating innovative management solutions in sports policy and administration. The model may serve as a benchmark for developing sport strategies in countries with decentralized or understructured sport governance systems.

IMPACT OF AGE AND POSITIONAL ROLE ON THE DEFENSIVE ACTION PROFILE OF FEMALE BEACH VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS: EVIDENCE FROM MATCH-PLAY VIDEO ANALYSIS

2025-10-24T10:52:28+03:00

The article presents an analysis of the relationship between age groups and playing roles with the technical actions of female athletes in defense in beach volleyball. Based on video analysis of 60 matches of the final stages of the Ukrainian Championship 2023–2024, the specific features of tactical and technical actions performed by 120 athletes acting as blockers and defenders in three age categories (13–15 years, 16–17 years, and 18–19 years) were studied. Through the use of video analysis, the specifics of applying technical skills depending on the age and functional specialization of athletes were identified. It was found that with an increase in the level of sports mastery, the stability of executing basic forearm passes improves, along with the growth of variable and complex techniques (dives, falls, jump sets). In particular, blockers more often perform compensatory actions due to the specifics of net play, while defenders mainly demonstrate stability and tactical efficiency in receptions and passes. The study identified groups of technical exercises most frequently used by athletes depending on their age category, as well as particular features of the technical arsenal in winning and losing teams. The structured representation of technical preparedness of players of different age allows formulating recommendations for building differentiated training programs. For blockers – emphasis on jump actions (blocking, attack) and explosive power development; for defenders – on defensive actions, passing accuracy, endurance, and reaction speed. Prospects for further research are related to the development of individualized programs for improving technical preparation depending on players’ roles in the game.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEUROTECHNOLOGIES IN FOOTBALL PLAYER TRAINING

2025-10-27T15:32:22+02:00

Neurotechnologies in football, despite their active implementation in training practices, remain a relatively new area in sports science. This opens up a wide range of opportunities for further research, which should not only involve testing new devices but also focus on the development of scientifically grounded models for integrating cognitive training into the structure of micro-, meso-, and macrocycles. This article examines modern neurotechnologies used in football training aimed at developing cognitive functions that are critically important in a highly competitive sports environment. Purpose of the research: to scientifically justify the feasibility of integrating modern neurotechnologies into the training process of football players for the development of cognitive functions, improvement of decision-making quality, emotional stability, and adaptability to changing game conditions. Object of the research: the process of multi-component training of football players within the modern sports training system. Subject of the research: the use of neurotechnological devices (NeuroTracker, FocusCalm, Sens.ai) as tools for developing cognitive functions and the mental readiness of football players for competitive activity. Methods of research: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature in neuropsychology, sports physiology, cognitive neuroscience, and modern football training; comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of the NeuroTracker, FocusCalm, and Sens.ai platforms; a systematic approach to evaluating the role of neurotechnologies within long-term athlete development; content analysis of open sources (scientific publications, practical cases, and expert opinions). The paper substantiates the relevance of using innovative devices such as NeuroTracker, FocusCalm, and Sens.ai to enhance spatial attention, information processing speed, stress resistance, and decision-making ability. FocusCalm is presented as a neurofeedback tool for training emotional self-regulation and concentration, which is especially important during high-pressure situations (e.g., penalty kicks, endgame actions, substitution moments). Sens.ai, in turn, combines EEG monitoring, photobiomodulation, and HRV analysis, forming personalized neuroprofiles of athletes. This enables not only the development of high-performance brain states but also the effective recovery of cognitive functions after intense loads or during rehabilitation phases. The article presents a comparative characterization of these platforms based on key parameters: cognitive objective, type of influence, effect dynamics, application context, and accessibility level. It concludes that neurotechnologies can become a vital component of personalized training for a new generation of football players. Their implementation not only improves the efficiency of the training process but also contributes to the development of game intelligence, mental resilience, and adaptability to dynamic match conditions.