THE IMAGE OF “MAN” AND “WOMAN” IN THE MINDS OF INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGES (CROSS-CULTURAL RESEARCH)
Abstract
Under the influence of gender stereotypes that exist in every society and are formed in the context of culture, historical time, gender identity emerges in the minds of men and women. But in psychology, the internal factors of the formation of gender identity, psychological gender roles are also considered; mechanisms of formation and construction of gender and gender identity. The study revealed to us the main differences between the awareness of the concepts of “man” and “woman” of the personalities of these three nationalities. Among them are the main: Ukrainians immediately associate the concept of «woman» with the external features of «beautiful», «tender», «sexy», «pretty», and Americans and Chinese more with internal features «good», «loyal», «sensitive», «smart», «true», «caring», etc. The Chinese “tie” the image of a woman only to the “family hearth”: family, motherhood, domestic worries, Americans and Ukrainians are more free in their views, so do not “attach” the image of a woman to one area of life. Gender roles, which are inherent in men and women of the three countries, do not differ significantly, except that the Chinese do not distinguish women in professional fields “teacher”, “psychologist”, “manager”; the distinction between macularity, femininity and androgyny by three nationalities – Ukrainians are characterized by femininity and androgyny (more), Americans do not have masculinity and femininity (all 100% of respondents have an androgynous image). The studied representatives of the PRC have masculinity, femininity and androgyny in the rest of the studied. That is, the Chinese have a more noticeable demarcation of images. The most prone to stereotypical thinking are the studied representatives of the people of China (they have the highest rates among the studied three nationalities); it was found that stereotypical thinking is more pronounced in adolescence than in early adulthood. However, this is due to age and experience gained during the transition between the two ages.
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